What Causes Sleep Apnoea
Sleep apnoea occurs when breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep, a condition often caused by the relaxation of throat muscles, which then obstruct the airway. The most common type, obstructive sleep apnoea, can result from various physical conditions such as excessive tissue in the back of the throat or enlarged tonsils, reducing airway size. Genetic factors, such as narrower airway structure and lifestyle choices like obesity, smoking, and alcohol use, also contribute significantly to the condition’s onset. These factors cause a reduction in air passage space during sleep, initiating apnoea episodes.
Another contributing factor is the position of the jaw and tongue during sleep. In some individuals, the jaw or tongue falls back, further narrowing the airway and restricting airflow. This physical obstruction is more prevalent among individuals with specific anatomical features and those with increased fatty tissue around the neck area. Hormonal imbalances, such as those associated with thyroid problems and the use of certain medications like sedatives, also exacerbate the risk of sleep apnoea.
In addition, sleep apnoea can be influenced by age and gender. It is more commonly diagnosed in older adults and males, although it can affect anyone at any age. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menopause and differences in fat distribution and muscle tone, are thought to play a role.
How Sleep Apnoea Affects Us
Sleep apnoea disrupts normal sleep patterns, leading to fragmented sleep and significant reductions in sleep quality. This disruption results in excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function, affecting daily activities and quality of life. The frequent awakenings caused by apnoea prevent individuals from reaching deep, restorative stages of sleep, leading to a decrease in overall sleep satisfaction and daytime alertness.
Long-term effects of untreated sleep apnoea extend beyond tiredness. Cardiovascular problems are notably significant, with conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke being linked to recurrent oxygen deprivation during sleep. This oxygen deprivation places excessive strain on the cardiovascular system, leading to elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate, which, over time, can wear down cardiovascular health.
Furthermore, sleep apnoea can lead to complications with metabolic health, including type 2 diabetes. The stress and fluctuation in blood oxygen levels can affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, contributing to the development and worsening of diabetes. The condition is also linked with depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders, likely due to the chronic stress and fatigue associated with disrupted sleep.
Our Experience and Approach to Treating Sleep Apnoea
The specialist surgeons at WestOMS can manage more severe cases of sleep apnoea that might require surgical interventions, such as adjusting anatomical structures to alleviate obstructions in the airway. They also provide custom-made oral appliances that help manage sleep apnoea by positioning the jaw to keep the airway open during sleep. These oral appliances are particularly useful in less severe cases or when patients cannot tolerate CPAP machines.
Together, our team uses diagnostic tools, including imaging techniques and sleep studies, to accurately assess and address the various degrees of sleep apnoea. Our treatment options include lifestyle adjustments, such as weight management and positional therapy, to alleviate minor cases of sleep apnoea. For more severe instances, we use surgical interventions like maxillomandibular advancement or the implementation of customised oral appliances designed to keep the airway open during sleep. These appliances are tailored for each patient.
In addition to these treatments, our collaborative approach includes consultations with sleep medicine specialists and other related healthcare providers to ensure a comprehensive management plan. We emphasise the importance of continuous monitoring and follow-up appointments to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and make necessary adjustments. This holistic approach aims to reduce health risks associated with sleep apnoea, ensuring tailored care for each individual’s needs.
What to Expect from the Procedure
Patients undergoing procedures to treat sleep apnoea at WestOMS will receive a detailed walkthrough of their treatment plan during the initial consultation. This plan may involve non-surgical treatments or more complex surgical procedures depending on the individual’s specific condition and needs. The chosen method is thoroughly discussed to ensure patient understanding and comfort with the proposed approach.
For those requiring surgical intervention, procedures are conducted under general anaesthesia. The duration and specifics of the surgery vary based on the complexity of the case and the type of surgery being performed.
After the procedure, patients will spend a recovery period in the clinic under close supervision by our medical team to manage any immediate postoperative symptoms. Detailed instructions for home care are provided, including how to manage the surgical site, medication schedules for pain and infection control, and any dietary restrictions.
Aftercare and Recovery
Following treatment for sleep apnoea, we emphasise a comprehensive aftercare plan tailored to each patient’s specific requirements. Immediately following any procedure, patients may experience symptoms such as soreness or swelling, which can typically be managed with prescribed medications. We provide detailed instructions on oral hygiene practices to prevent infection and ensure proper healing of any surgical sites.
Regular follow-up appointments are a critical part of the aftercare process. These visits allow our dental specialists to monitor healing, evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, and make any necessary adjustments to the recovery plan.
Moreover, long-term care strategies may include lifestyle modifications, further adjustments to oral appliances, or additional treatments aimed at sustaining oral health. Our team remains committed to supporting patients with continued guidance and ensuring they manage their condition effectively. This ongoing support is crucial for helping patients adapt to changes in their treatment and lifestyle to manage their sleep apnoea.
